Chapter 1

The question of hair loss prevention and cure has always perplexed us. Until recently practical, real solutions for treatment did not exist. As for cure, it is still too early to say. Hair cell transplants containing male-pattern-baldness impervious genes are still in the testing phases and it is not known whether this will be a viable cure. However, hair loss treatment today is a reality.

After many years of research into the hair loss problem, I have discovered a very effective treatment program for the prevention of hair loss and thinning hair.

For people who are in the very advanced stages of hair loss (i.e., hair present only on the sides of the head or worse) there is, unfortunately, very little that can be done outside of a hair transplant. The follicles of the hair are regeneratable only if the bulb or root is present in the scalp.

If your hair resembles a jagged strip of peach fuzz, there is much hope for you. That "peach fuzz" can regrow into beautiful, thick strands of hydrolyzed keratin, or in other words a full and healthy hair follicle.

In essence, my natural treatments act as a preventative of further hair thinning and loss, while increasing the strength, health, and diameter of the hair follicle.

In recent years two drugs have come to market, each with a different approach and its own set of undesirable side effects. The use of these drugs for hair preservation and re-growth were not entirely efficacious.

The treatments that I will present to you in this book will rarely receive much media attention, as these treatments are all natural. As far as most people are aware, drugs are the only available solution to problems of hair loss. That’s good for the pharmaceutical companies. But I believe that those of us who have been stricken with hair loss deserve to know about a natural approach.

In the United States and abroad natural products have begun to surface, some of which have produced some very positive results. However, there has been a cost to the consumer. Most of the nature-based hair loss products that are marketed today do not address all of the fundamental and physiological factors of the hair loss problem.

I have found many nature-based hair loss products to be sadly lacking in key ingredients as well as lacking the proper quantity of ingredients. I see no reason why the consumer should be subjected to spending hundreds of dollars for inadequate supplies of incomplete hair loss formulas.

I find that obtaining a good understanding of how and why certain things work can be life changing. It is my objective, therefore, to give the reader at least a fundamental understanding of how and why hair loss occurs. I think that without this knowledge appropriate and active, on-going treatment may not be carried out.

The pathology of hair loss is related to numerous conditions that often have little or nothing to do with hair growth or hair loss. Some of these conditions involve one or more of the following systems: circulatory, structural, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, immunological, intestinal, urinary. In short, almost every system in the body can affect the health of your hair.

Since the genes we possess are determined by our heredity, we have to work with the cards that we were dealt. In every individual you will find a body system that is inherently weak. While we cannot change certain characteristics of our fabric, such as the shape of our features, we can control its efficiency.

A perfectly balanced diet of macronutrients and micronutrients in the foods we eat does not necessarily result in a healthy head of hair. How could this be? Isn’t this what the body needs to stay healthy? The answer to that is yes and no. Yes, your body does need a healthy balance of macronutrients such as protein, carbohydrates and fats, as well as the full spectrum of vitamins and minerals. If we are suffering from hair loss, often a balanced diet will not foster a measurable improvement.

I am not stating that any diet will not help reverse hair loss. I am stating that a diet that is typically thought to be healthy is probably not going to produce measurable results. To restore your hair back to its healthy beginnings requires some special help from the herbal kingdom.

You see, compounds found in herbs have drug-like effects and are often without negative side effects like their drug counterparts. Most drugs are created using components of herbs or plants. The difference between drugs and herbs are the removal and strength of individual constituents. Plants contain many beneficial substances; some examples are flavonoids, fatty acids, saponins, alkaloids, phytochemicals, sterols, etc. While herbs or plants are whole, drugs are only a part removed from the plant and then concentrated for potency.

The problems are many, for drugs lack the synergy or balance that whole herbs contain. Inasmuch as a component is removed from its composite, it cannot function properly. It’s analogous to the Ying and yang principle of give and take. This is part of the reason why side effects occur a given when a drug is introduced.

The drug Rogaine, for instance, is only moderately effective in treating baldness. While not too effective, it also offers over forty possible side effects. Some of these are excessive body hair growth on the face, back, arms and legs; edema, anxiety, back pain, bone fractures, vomiting, bronchitis, depression, rapid heart beat, blood disorders, eczema, exhaustion, faintness, genital infections, headaches, and weight gain.

Herbs on the other hand are whole; they are naturally balanced with co-factors that assist each other with different mechanisms. Herbs offer an array of benefits to the user, including some that are difficult to quantify. Typically, a single herb can be very beneficial to a specific body system, but also produce some key benefits in other body systems as well. Saw palmetto (serenoa repens) affects the kidneys, lungs, reproductive tract, and spleen. Saw palmetto also happens to be one of the key ingredients for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, which will be discussed later in chapter 3 (Androgenetic Alopecia & Anti-androgens).

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

Chapter 2

Natural substances like foods, juices, herbs, macronutrients, vitamins and minerals cannot be patented. The lack of monopoly rights keeps the prices down, making the sale of natural products a low profit business.

Natural remedies have been used for centuries but with little understanding of their molecular behavior. Unfortunately, much of the attention with technology today is focused upon pharmaceutical drugs. Drug company representatives today school physicians on an ongoing basis. Doctors are introduced to an endless supply of new toxic drugs to examine and recommend to their patients. Incentives to use drugs, such as gifts, trips, are all part of the package.

Health is not the central underlying issue with the current business infrastructure of our western medicines. As long as the drugs are not clearly toxic, carcinogenic, or death provoking, side effects are not only acceptable, but are the rule in drug-oriented medical practice.

The powerful influence that drug makers have is quite enormous in our medical community today. Powerful enough in fact to determine the direction that medicine has become, and the courses taught to medical students. Nutritional education has become minimal and reduced to ineffectual generalities. Physicians today by and large are more familiar with drug interactions, drug research, and toxic behaviors than health promoting effects of food and nutrition.

Drug companies and the profits generated from patented drugs are the force that natural methods and industry have to reckon with. Unfortunately, our awareness of health is driven by what the pharmaceutical industry feeds us. The politics of health lean towards drug-oriented medicine. As long as current conditions exist in our medical community, natural remedies will continue to be overshadowed in the face of drug profits.

The medical focus here in the west is with disease management and quick fixes. Addressing symptoms with a toxic mean, as opposed to healing and prevention. The government is often well behind the times in our rapidly changing world of nutritional research. About 70% of us die each year from food-related degenerative conditions, meaning that many of these diseases can be prevented with proper nutrition.

It is estimated that over 50 million men and 25 million women in the United States suffer from hair loss. There are many reasons for hair loss including heredity, stress, illness and diet/nutrition, just to name a few.

The most common reason for hair loss is reported to be the build up of what is known as DHT (dihydrotestosterone), commonly known by the medical industry as the "bad testosterone", which is the leading cause of male pattern baldness. By decreasing the levels of DHT build up, you increase the chance of maintaining your hair count as well restoring lost hair and thickness.

Up until 10 years ago, there was virtually nothing that could be done for hair loss. Then Rogaine Topical Solution was introduced and provided relief for many men suffering from hair loss. Rogaine proved to be successful for restoring minimal growth to only the area known as the vertex of the head (back top of the scalp). However, with the advances of science Rogaine now produces a formula for women and an extra strength formula for men. The cost is about $40.00 per month and requires one to continue using the product for life, otherwise they lose what new hair they have grown back. Rogaine is a chemical, which is applied to the scalp that stimulates resting hair follicles to grow. The active ingredient is Minoxidol. The entire process is very messy and time consuming, usually producing only very fine baby hair (vellus) for its users. As stated in chapter 1, Rogaine has over 40 side effects.

More recently, Propecia was introduced and offers men the option of growing back their hair at basically the same monthly cost and long commitment as Rogaine. However, with Propecia there are extreme negative side effects associated with taking it (even more so than Rogaine), such as liver damage, loss of sex drive, birth defects for child bearing couples, and many others that are still being discovered.

A few years ago doctors were prescribing Proscar (a medication for prostate cancer) to men with hair loss problems. The theory was that Proscar’s active ingredient "finasteride" might stop hair loss. Theoretically they said it should work. The result was that it only worked on a small percentage of men and only grew back vellus hair after longs periods of usage. The side effects associated with Propecia are not to be taken lightly, and many endocrinologists believe it creates terrible mood swings and suppresses the immune system.

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in April of 1998 estimated that 100,000 hospital patients die every year from bad reactions from drugs approved by the FDA Another 2 million people suffer reactions so severe that they are permanently disabled. These statistics are from hospitalized patients only. It does not reflect those who are on medications who are not hospitalized.

The number of deaths in this category could be astronomical. Take the popular diet suppressant Dexatrim as an example. It states on its label that its active ingredient "phenylpropanolamine" has been associated with stroke, seizure, heart attack, arrhythmia, psychosis and death. Yet you can purchase it from your local supermarket.

Today drug companies spend $12 Billion a year to promote the benefits of prescription drugs and have become the most profitable business in America. The result of all the hype and lies has resulted in drugs being the fourth single cause of death with heart disease, cancer and strokes being first, second, and third.

The truth is, much of what pharmaceutical giants market are drugs that address symptoms, not the root of the problem by using altered plant chemicals. A great number of natural substances can do an equal or better job without the risk of dangerous side effects.

Chapter 3

Whether you’re male or female, losing your hair is often due to androgenetic alopecia. If you’re a male, the future or present health of your prostate gland has a potential link to the health of your hair. Problems with the prostate usually do not present themselves until after the age of forty. However, what eventually leads to prostate problems in men, results in androgenetic alopecia, or hair loss much earlier.

Women can also suffer from androgenetic alopecia or "male pattern baldness," and even suffer from this as early as puberty, but most often occurs after menopause. The balance of female hormones has implications that not only result in menstrual difficulties, but with hair thinning. The symptoms and conditions of hormonal imbalances can be controlled with either proper diet or supplementation. This is discussed in greater detail in chapter 4 (Soy Isoflavones & Estrogens)

The root cause of androgenetic alopecia is created from an enzyme called, 5-alpha-reductase. It interacts with testosterone to form 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or DHT. Dihydrotestosterone is what makes your hair thin. Over time hair becomes thinner and thinner until it can no longer support growth. A chronic type of scalp inflammation that affects hair follicles can also contribute. Read more about inflammation in Chapter 8 (Inflammation & Cell Immunity.)

The condition of androgen action in many organs, such as prostate and skin, is dependent upon the conversion of testosterone by the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone then binds to the androgen receptor to regulate specific gene expression.

People’s dietary fat intake good or bad, has pronounced effects on the presence of androgens.

Cultures and regions of people, who consume fats that have been hydrogenated often, have less hair than those that eat whole-unprocessed foods do. Good fats or essential fats are often removed from shelf products to prevent spoilage, while the fats that are present in processed foods are converted to a harmful trans-fat form.

The levels of dihydrotestosterone are higher in people who eat an abundance of hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated fats. Red meat, processed convenient foods, pastries and margarine increase levels of testosterone in the body. A healthy intake of essential fatty acids that come from plants, whole grains and fish can prevent the malevolent effects of trans-fats on hormone reactions.

A dietary deficiency in essential fatty acids (EFAs) can leave your body unable to cope with the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme. Essential fatty acids help curb the activity of the enzyme. A diet lacking in Omega-3 fatty acids is particularly detrimental. Read more about EFAs in Chapter 5 (Essential Fatty Acids & Prostaglandins).

When the drug Propecia came to market, it was heralded as the possible answer to "male pattern baldness," as its useful action is blocking the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase. However, Propecia’s active ingredient finasteride only block type 2 of the enzyme while type 1 of the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme is found concentrated in the skin and scalp. To make matters worse, Propecia offers an array of unpleasant side effects!

Natural anti-androgens or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors block both 1 and 2 types, combating androgenetic alopecia or "male pattern baldness" naturally and free of side effects.

The most effective approach towards defeating the levels of this "bad" testosterone has been the use of DHT inhibitors or anti-androgens. The two most potent, natural anti-androgens or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are Saw Palmetto (seronoa repens) and Pygeum (pygeum africanum).

Inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase are useful for not only hair loss, but with the selective treatment of prostatic cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia, acne, and prevention of female facial hair, without affecting sexual behavior and smooth muscle growth.

Serenoa repens is an extract from saw palmetto, a small palm tree native of the West Indies and the southern Atlantic coast of North America. It works by blocking the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, thus inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to DHT and deterring the growth of the prostate. Saw palmetto has been shown to be nontoxic and safe.

Unlike Propecia’s active ingredient finasteride, which only inhibits type 2 of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, the biologically active sterols of saw palmetto blocks both type 1 and 2 of the enzyme. This is quite significant, especially when considering that type 1 of the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme is concentrated in the skin while the abundance of type 2 is located in other organs.

Saw palmetto contains an oil with several fatty acids, including capric, caprylic, caproic, lauric, oleic, and palmitic acid and large amounts of phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, cycloartenol, stigmasterol, lupeol, lupenone and 24-methyl-cycloartenol), as well as oils, resins and tannins. It is the special make-up of these fatty acids and phytosterols that actually block the formation of the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme. Read more about phytosterols in Chapter 4 (Soy Isoflavones & Estrogens).

Strong research is behind saw palmetto's ability to reduce symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the prostate disorder that affects the flow, volume, and frequency of urination. By age 60, an estimated 75% of men have BPH. This works by the same mechanism as the drug Proscar (finasteride), but without the serious side effects associated with the drug. I should point out that Proscar has the same active ingredient as the hair loss drug Propecia (finasteride).

The main contributor to enlarged prostate and BPH is dihydrotestosterone, the main catalyst once again, the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase. Benign prostatic hyperplasia occurs when the prostate slowly enlarges over one’s lifetime. When DHT accumulates in the prostate, it begins to grow; eventually it begins to squeeze the urethra, narrowing the passage for urine.

Long term use of saw palmetto will keep DHT-related hair loss and prostate problems at bay with no side effects, only health benefits.

It makes little sense to use Propecia or Proscar when the herb saw palmetto can be so much more healthy and beneficial!

Another substance that reduces symptoms of BPH is Pygeum (pygeum africanum). As with saw palmetto, it too is effective in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Pygeum comes from bark of an evergreen tree native to Africa. It acts by reducing serum prolactin levels. Prolactin increases the amount of testosterone and the synthesis of DHT within the body. Like saw palmetto, pygeum is non-toxic, all natural, and free of side effects.

Chemical analysis and pharmacological studies indicate that the lipophilic extract of pygeum bark has three categories of active constituents. The phytosterols, including beta-sitosterol, have anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins that tend to accumulate in the prostate of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The pentacyclic terpenes have an anti-edema or decongesting effect. The last group is the ferulic esters. These constituents reduce levels of the hormone prolactin and also block cholesterol in the prostate. Prolactin increases uptake of testosterone in the prostate, and cholesterol increases binding sites for testosterone and its more active form dihydrotestosterone.

Reference:

Title – The effects of long term treatment with serenoa repens (permixon) on the concentrations and regional distributions of androgens and epidermal growth factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Author: D, Silverio F Monti S Sciarva A Varasano PA (s): Martini C Lanzaia S D’Eramo G Di Nicola S Toscano V

Journal Prostate. 1998 Oct 1; 37(s): 77-83 1998 0270-4137

Title - Phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with cucurbita, hypoxis, pygeum, urtica and sabal serrulata (seronoa repens).

Author: Odenthal, K.P.

Journal Phytotherapy – Research (United Kingdom) (1996). V.10 (Supplement) p. s141-s143. 1996.

Title – Effects of lipidosterolic extract of serenoa repens (permixon) on human prostatic cell lines.

Author: Ravenna L D, Silverio F Russo (s): MA Salvatori L Morgante E Morrone S Cardillo MR Russo A Frati L Gulino a Petrangeli E

Journal Prostate. 1996 Oct, 29(4): 219-230 1996 0270-4137

Title – Biologically active acylglycerides from the berries of saw palmetto (serenoa repens).

Author: Shimada H Tyler VF McLaughlin JL

Journal J-Nat-Prod. 1997 Apr, 60 (4): 417-8 1997 0163-3864

Title: Efficacy & Safety of the extract of serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: therapeutic equivalence between twice and once daily dosage forms.

Author: braeckman, J. Bruhuyler, J. Vandekerckhove, (s) K. Geczy, J.

Journal Phytotherapy – Research (United Kingdom) (1997). V. 11(8) p. 558-563. 1997

Title: Human prostatic steroid 5 alpha-reductase isoforms--a comparative study of selective inhibitors.

Author: Iehlé C; Délos S; Guirou O; Tate R; Raynaud JP; Martin PM

Journal J Steroid Biochemical Molecular Biology, 54: 5-6, 1995 Sep, 273-9

Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1995, 286-93.

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

Chapter 4

Whether you are a male or female, hormones have a profound effect on the health of your hair. Estrogen, a feminine hormone, acts to stimulate hair growth on the head in women and inhibit facial hair growth. Thus, estrogen acts as a "switch", turning on and off hair stimulus. Too much estrogen can promote the loss of hair and other problems.

Another feminine hormone, progesterone counterbalances with estrogen and in effect, regulates its mechanisms. In the third trimester of pregnancy, a women’s hair tends to become fuller and thicker. The reason, estrogen does not affect hair shedding under the influence of strong progesterone levels. The body manufactures three to four times normal progesterone levels during this stage of pregnancy. This keeps estrogen at bay, and allows hair to grow unaffected by estrogen programming. This keeps the cycle of hair growth a perpetual one, until levels of progesterone reduce to normal. Progesterone levels reduce to normal following childbirth. Elevated seratonin levels now drop to normal as do hair-shedding cycles, hence fallout of hair and mood (a common complaint among new mothers).

Progesterone is only produced in the ovaries. However the body has no trouble manufacturing estrogen. Estrogen levels can drop down after menopause, but so does progesterone. Estrogens can be received into the body through diet. The source of these estrogens is what makes key differences. Natural estrogens, in the form of phytoestrogens (plant based) are easily broken down when not in need. Toxic foods and plastics can offer us what some refer to as xenoestrogens. These are the toxic forms of estrogens for which your body cannot rid of easily.

Xenoestrogens link with breast cancer and other cell abnormalities. Most of these risk factors can be associated with a lifetime exposure to bioavailable estrogens. Experimental evidence reveals that compounds such as some chlorinated organics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), triazine herbicides, and pharmaceuticals affect estrogen production and metabolism and thus function as xenoestrogens. Many of these xenoestrogenic compounds also experimentally induce mammary carcinogenesis. Recent epidemiologic studies have found that breast fat and serum lipids of women with breast cancer contain significantly elevated levels of some chlorinated organics compared with noncancer controls.

Xenoestrogens can be created, influenced, or induced by such as products as cottonseed oil, rancid fats, and trans-fatty acids produced by high temperatures and frying. Cottonseed oil deserves special attention as this is found in so many snack products. Cottonseed oil contains cyclopropene fatty acid, which has toxic effects on the liver, inhibits sexual maturity, and interferes with production of important enzymes and sex hormones.

For women, the true culprits in hormonal imbalance puzzle are the estrogens, primarily the maligned form that creates this disparity of estrogen and progesterone levels. If estrogen levels are too high relative to progesterone, such disharmony as bloat, irritability, mood swings, and other common premenstrual symptoms can result. The use of estrogen-based birth control only exacerbates these effects.

One of the problems associated with too much estrogen is the stimulus for the body to induce cell proliferation. Particularly the mammary glands (breasts), which can increase the likelihood of breast cancer.

Excessive estrogens in the body can manifest into hair problems. We can receive excessive estrogens in our bodies by diets lacking in essential fatty acids while eating too many foods containing hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated fats. This dangerous combination often results in hormonal disharmony and a plethora of diseases associated with elevated cholesterol levels. To "repair" this disparity, supplementation of essential fatty acids is needed. Read more about essential fatty acids in Chapter 5 (Essential Fatty Acids & Prostaglandins.)

In addition to essential fatty acids, a good, natural progesterone cream is recommended to balance estrogen levels. Progesterone cream is used as a transdermal cream, which absorbs through the skin rather quickly. I recommend the use of natural progesterone creams exclusively. Synthetic versions of estrogen and progesterone are available by prescription.

A quarter of women who take the popularly prescribed synthetic progesterone report increased tension, fatigue and anxiety. Natural versions have little or no side effects. Herbal products, like natural progesterone and estrogen in the form of the weaker estriol or estrone, may block the effect of the stronger and potentially DNA-damaging estradiol (a synthetic pharmacology preparation called Estrace).

Estradiol or Estrace can cause "male pattern baldness" in some women. Estrace (estradiol) is basically an estrogen replacement drug. All estrogens are metabolized through fat and other glandular tissue into testosterone. This extra testosterone is then converted into the dihydrotestosterone form of the hormone, which is responsible for the hair loss.

In men, the dangerous estrogen is 17 beta–estradiol. This estrogen increases the effects of DHT in older men and has a strong link with prostate cancer. The ingestion of fatty food, particularly hydrogenated fats increase the body’s production of lipid peroxides. Lipid peroxides damage cells and increases the likelihood of estrogenic cancers.

When the body needs hormonal balance, progesterone and soy products are the safe and natural way to go. Soy products prized for their ability to normalize hormonal levels and from the large body of research should have a positive effect on hair for women.

Soy has a myriad of dietary and supplemental forms that provide a rich source of isoflavones and phytosterols; both are known to supply mild estrogenic effects. It is the milder form that is actually more efficacious than the prescribed, synthetic forms of estrogen and progesterone.

The action of soybeans and their unprocessed by-products have been associated with lower incidents of breast cancer. Soybeans contain phytoestrogens, which act as malignant cell growth inhibitors. Genistein is one such phytoestrogen. Genistein has been shown to have significant 5-alpha reductase blocking activity, and androgen modulating activities. It also helps block two enzymes that are necessary for tumor growth, and there is evidence that it reduces the blood supply for tumors.

It has been shown in studies that soy isoflavone consumption may exert cancer preventive effects by decreasing estrogen synthesis and altering metabolism away from genotoxic metabolites toward inactive metabolites.

Daidzien, another phytoestrogen from soybeans, also helps block the 5-alpha reductase enzyme. According to the Chinese, Daidzien has been shown to stimulate hair growth and help preserve natural hair color in old age. In addition, it acts as a vasodilator, which assists with nutrient uptake in healthy blood vessels and capillaries.

What about weak estrogen levels? Certain plant foods, which contain enough plant estrogens, (phytoestrogens) bind to estrogen receptor sites within the body thus reducing the effects of the low-estrogen state. Research shows phytoestrogens protect against clogged arteries, as well as a reduction in hot flashes and bone loss that often accompanies menopause.

Reference:

Title: What Your Doctor May Not Tell You about Menopause

Author: Lee, John R., MD, and Hopkins, Virginia, Warner books, New York, 1996.

Environ Health Prospect 101:372-377 (1993)

(Archives of Internal Medicine 157, 1997: 2609-2615)

Title: Genistein, daidzein, and their beta-glycoside conjugater: anti-tumor isoflavones in soybean food from American and Asian Diets.

Author: Coward, L. Barnes. N.C. Setchell, K.D.R. (s): Barnes, S.

Journal: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (USA)-(NOV 1993). V. 41 (11) p. 1961-1967. 1993 0021-8561

Title: Effects of soy isoflavones on estrogen and phytoestrogen metabolism in premenopausal women.

Author: Xu X Duncan AM Merz BE Kurzer MS (S):

Journal Cancer-Epidemiol-Biomarkers-Prev. 1998, Dec, 7(12): 1101-8 1998 1055-9965

Title: Rationale for the use of genistein-containing soy matrices in chemoprevention trials for breast and prostate cancer.

Author Barnes S Peterson TG Coward L (S):

Journal: J-Cell_Biochem-Suppl. 1995; 22: 181-7 1995

Title: The ovarian hormone deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia is reversed by soy protein and the synthetic isoflavone, ipriflavone.

Author: Furst, A. Packer, L.

Journal: Nutr-Res. New York, N.Y.: Elsevier Science Inc. May 1997. V. 17 (5) p. 885-894. 1997 0271-5317

Plant-based Estrogens (Phytoestrogens)

(Journal of the Am Coll of Card 35:1403-1410)

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

Chapter 5

Men who are balding in the crown area are very likely to have some form of heart-related disease in their future. The root of the problem often stems from the types of fats that are consumed in the diet.

Excessive consumption of these bad fats or oils lead to the constriction of arteries and aggregated, hardened plaque that adheres to arterial walls. This clogs pathways that normally feed hair follicles with nutrients. A diminished blood supply will starve hair follicles. Constricted, plaque ridden vessel walls can prevent much of the needed blood flow to circulate through the tiny capillaries that nourish our hair.

These bad types of fats are not just saturated fats, trans-fats (trans-fatty-acids) as well, produced through the process of hydrogenation and/or oxidization. These bad fats also affect the regulation of our hormones, which can have deleterious effects on hair.

Cholesterol is always healthy, whether it is the LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or the HDL (high-density lipoprotein). Cholesterol becomes harmful only when it reacts with oxygen. It is the oxidation of cholesterol that makes blood platelets sticky and clot forming, not the LDL cholesterol itself. Fats in the blood stream become lodged in artery walls and begin to clog arteries only when their transporters, the lipoproteins, have chemically combined with oxygen to turn rancid.

Good blood circulation is vital to transport nutrients through the tiny capillaries in the scalp. Blood vessels need to be relaxed, not hard to carry these nutrients and to be clear of obstructions like plaque. Antioxidants, called oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) found in grape seeds, pine bark and the herb, hawthorn help reverse the process of oxidation. These antioxidants relax blood vessels, resulting in lower blood pressure. Aside from taking antioxidants, avoiding foods fried or cooked in hydrogenated oils is the best defense for cardiovascular health and circulation.

About one-third of all edible oil produced is hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated. Hydrogenated oils are used in baked goods, candy, potato chips and other snack foods. Food manufacturers’ use hydrogenated fats and oils for several key reasons. In order to keep foods stable in room temperature, fats must bond the product ingredients together to remain solid. This goes against the nature of untreated oil. In addition, hydrogenated fats keep chips crispy and extend shelf life, far beyond the reach of unrefined oils that easily spoil.

Hydrogenation changes the unsaturated and essential fatty acids present in natural oil. The process of hydrogenation involves adding hydrogen atoms to the unsaturated bonds in liquid fats. Hydrogenation is used to convert vegetable oils to solid fats. Hydrogenated fats do not exist in nature, and the effects they have on health can be disastrous. If that isn’t bad enough, before the oils are hydrogenated, they are stripped of fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, and some essential fatty acids (primarily omega-3). Once more, this process also removes the naturally containing phytosterols in oil, which can block cholesterol absorption from our intestine.

Phytosterols are present in unrefined oils and are removed during the processes of degumming, refining, bleaching and deodorization during the refining process of most consumer oils. The principle phytosterol is normally beta-sitosterol, which is found in most unrefined oils. Beta-sitosterol is considered a phytoestrogen and has been shown to exhibit anti-estrogenic effects. Beta-sitosterol is likely to be a key component used in blocking the malevolent enzyme, 5-alpha-reductase (the catalyst for conversion of testosterone to DHT).

When we use margarine, shortenings, and partially hydrogenated (stiffened) vegetable oils, we are consuming trans-fatty acids. High temperatures and hydrogenation produce trans-fatty acids; this is a drastic alteration of normal molecular configuration. This altercation affects the physical properties and functions of molecules. The free radical activity and oxidation of these fats fill the blood with oxidized LDL cholesterol.

Trans-fatty acids have an indirect effect on hair growth, but it can be quite pronounced if the dietary intake of this is high. The production of healthful prostaglandins is interfered with when we consume too many fried and hydrogenated foodstuffs. This plays at least a minor role in hair loss. Prostaglandins can be both positive and negative. Too much of the negative can upset the body’s normal balance to regulate the immune system properly.

When prostaglandin production is affected, hormonal balance becomes erratic, thus affecting proper estrogen and progesterone levels. A diet too high in trans-fatty acids constricts arteries and lathers them with hardened fatty deposits, not good news for the tiny scalp capillaries that are needed to feed hair follicles.

Trans-fatty acids increase levels of cholesterol, slow down blood flow, and greatly contribute to a number of cardiovascular diseases. A study, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, found that the greater the hair loss on the vertex of a man’s head (specifically the crown area), the greater the risk of experiencing heart problems. Such risk-associated conditions, like hypertension, high blood pressure, and cholesterol are chiefly contributed by a diet too high in trans-fatty acids and one too low in essential fatty acids (EFAs).

To help counteract the negative effects of trans-fatty acids contained in some of our rich foods; we need an ample supply of EFAs. Essential fatty acids consist of the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Any serious deficiency in EFAs will host the onset of numerous types of degenerative diseases.

Of the omega-3 fatty acids, we have alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), found in flax, hemp seed, canola, soy and dark green vegetables. The omega-3’s found in fish are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The omega-6 variety includes linoleic acid (LA), found in safflower, sunflower, sesame, and vegetable oils. Also in the omega-6 family is gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Gamma-linolenic acid is similar in structure to the alpha-linolenic acid, which is an omega-3 fatty acid, however the benefits of LNA are more substantial in some areas. Sources of GLA are borage oil, black currant seed oil, and evening primrose oil.

Most people obtain enough of certain kinds of omega-6 in their diets, specifically linoleic acid (LA), which produces some beneficial prostaglandins. Unfortunately, processed and refined vegetable oils are the main source of these. What is very lacking in most diets is alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). A deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids will leave many of the prostaglandins from the omega-6 unbalanced, making them harmful rather than beneficial. While GLA is from the omega-6 family, it too is lacking in most diets.

Overwhelmingly, the majority of foods eaten by our western civilization, which contain EFAs, have been cooked or fried under high temperatures. Unless you eat largely a raw food diet, chances are you are deficient in ALA and GLA. Most of us consume altered fats, which through heat, pasteurization or hydrogenation have metamorphosed our EFAs into trans-fatty acids.

Essential fatty acids are the key to the production of prostaglandins. They affect every aspect of our health through their hormone-like effects, and our body makes them from EFAs. Functionally, prostaglandins are short-lived, hormone-like chemicals that regulate cellular activities on a moment-to-moment basis. Prostaglandins are the control mechanisms for every organ and tissues action and reaction, metabolism, and most importantly the regulator of enzyme reactions.

Enzymes themselves are considered biological response modifiers. They are the catalyst or the trigger for biological functions, the end product from a chain of command (i.e. prostaglandins, hormone reactions) to control body functions. If your intake ratio of EFAs to the bad fats, like hydrogenated (trans-fats) and saturated fats is poor, then enzymes and hormonal reactions will not always occur normally and can be seriously degenerative to your health.

There are over 30 different types of prostaglandins known to exist in our bodies, some good some maybe not so good. Generally theses are divided into three groups, series 1, 2, and 3 prostaglandins (PGs). Omega-3 and Omega-6 produce healthful PGs that provide benefits like vascularity, blood pressure regulation, relaxing of blood vessels, and anti-inflammatory effects. These healthy prostaglandins are called series 1 & 3. Omega-6 makes series 1, while Omega-3 makes series 3 PGs.

The "bad" prostaglandins are known as series 2, these are made from arachidonic acid found in meats. Series 2 PGs causes things like blood platelets to stick together or aggregate (the first step in clot formation), induces inflammation, and retains salt in the kidneys (causes water retention). Many of the series 2 PGs do the exact opposite of series 1 & 3 PGs. We need a healthy intake of essential fatty acids to create series 1 & 3 PGs, as these can prevent the bad effects and formation of series 2 PGs from occurring.

Excellent sources of omega-3’s include; unrefined flaxseed oil, hemp seed oil, unprocessed soybean products, and cold water fish.

Reference:

Antioxidants & blood pressure

(Life Sci 2000; 67(2):121-31)

Title: Fats that Heal Fats that Kill

Author: Erasmus, Udo

Published by: Alive Books, 7336 Fraser Park Drive, Burnaby BC Canada V5j 5B9 (1993).

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

Chapter 6

Hair growth isn’t a constant-it grows in cycles. The growth cycle lasts several years followed by a resting cycle. The final result is a fall-out cycle. A full, thick head of hair is due to a rate of hair growth that is greater or equal than the fall-out. When the growth cycle begins to slow down your hair begins to recede; hair strands become thin in appearance, and shortly after, fall out.

About 100,000 follicles populate your head, growing hair at a rate of about 1 millimeter every 3 days. Hair growth proceeds in spurts, regularly interrupted by "rest" periods. At any particular time about 90 percent of your hair grows, while the remaining 10 percent takes a break and remains dormant.

The rest phase lasts about two to six-months, the growth period continues for two to six years. During the on and off again activity, about 50 to 100 hairs per day fall out. Why do follicles eventually stop making hair altogether and leave us bald? Often lack of blood flow to the hair follicle stifles hair production, this suppresses the follicle productivity, thin hair results.

Often, when the blood supply slows during a follicle’s growth period, this phase maybe shortened, leading to a renewed dormant period. On average, follicles may be restricted to a limited number of lifetime growth phases, about twenty-five, each lasting about three years. However, if these on again, off again growth cycles proceed too quickly, permanent dormancy leading to baldness results. Let’s not forget about the most common type of hair thinning, the familiar male pattern baldness due to the detrimental enzyme 5-alpha reductase, which converts normal testosterone into the undesirable variant called dihydrotestosterone. This substance helps cut blood flow to follicles, slowing or stopping hair growth altogether.

Recent research indicates that the DHT that harms hair follicles comes from the skin’s sebocytes and sweat glands (sebaceous glands). There are two categories of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase. Type 1 represents the ‘cutaneous type’; it is located primarily in the skin’s sebocytes, epidermal and follicular keratinocytes, dermal papilla cells and the sweat glands, as well as in fibroblasts. Type 2 is located mainly in the seminal vesicles, prostate, and in the inner root sheath of the hair follicle.

What we see as balding is actually the conversion of hair follicles from thick, lush, and pigmented terminal hairs to short, fine and unpigmented vellus hairs. Vellus hair cover considerable less scalp than terminal hairs, thus creating that dreaded "thinning" look. All human hair is a mix of terminal (full), vellus (thin), and intermediate hair, a combination of vellus and terminal.

There are three stages of hair growth. The first stage is anagen, the active growth phase. The second phase is catagen, the regressive stage. The last of the stages is the telegen stage, the resting stage. Normally we shed between 50 and 100 hairs every day, whether male or female. There is however, much variety in the shedding of hair from one individual to the next. The difference between male and female baldness appears to be simple. Men may look bald but still have good hair density; however, their hairs are vellus, which are much shorter and finer than the terminal hair that they have replaced. Women may have similar hair loss, but the hair they re-grow at the same site will be similar to the length and the thickness of hair in the non-balding men, allowing them to cover their scalps easily.

A Chinese herb called Ho-Shou-Wu (polygonum multiflorum or radix polygoni multiflori) marketed under the name of Fo-ti (root), is very effective in maximizing hair growth stages for the benefit of hair preservation. The literal English translation for ho-shou-wu is "black hair Mr. He", that speaks for its ability to preserve natural hair color, which is one of the benefits of long time usage.

A full, thick head of hair is due to a rate of hair growth that is greater or equal than the fall-out. That having been said, fo-ti root prolongs the anagen phase or growth cycle, while minimizing the resting (telegen) and fall-out (catagen) stages.

Chinese medical theories believe that your hair’s condition is an indication of your body’s internal system. Weaknesses in a person’s kidney and liver tend to manifest into symptoms such as hair loss and premature gray hair. Such conditions can be corrected by replenishing the nutrients that are necessary to revitalize our kidneys and liver.

A study was conducted in China, testing fo-ti root to see if it would increase circulation and lower blood cholesterol in elderly patients. During the studies with the herb, an interesting side effect was noted: The patient’s hair began to return to its natural color, and became thicker and shinier.

At the Hospital of Prevention and Therapeutics/Chemical Industry Shashi Hubei, China, a study was performed on 882 patients for the treatment of hair loss. Each received a preparation of fo-ti root for three months. Of those patients, 630 were cured. Only 48 patients did not respond at all. Additional benefits revealed a reduction of serum cholesterol levels.

Fo-ti root is also thought to be a tonic for the endocrine glands, liver and kidneys. Fo-ti root contains many vitamins and minerals that are vital for hair, specifically the B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, silicon, zinc and Vitamin A.

Reference:

Radix Polygoni Multiflori in: Immunopharmacology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Published by the Military Academy of Medical Scientific Research in Toxicology, People’s Army Medical Corp., Beijing, 1994. Pp. 1053-1070

Advances in the Research on the Pharmacology of He Shou Wu, Chinese Materia Medica 16 (2): 34-37, 1993

Medicine of American Digest, Link Publications, Kenneth Baker Edward, Research and Findings, 1994. 5: pp. 234-242

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

Chapter 8

A chronic type of inflammation at the site of the hair follicle can suppress hair growth in a way much like donor organs are when rejected in heart patients. This is much like an allergic response from an overactive immune system. Hair cells are often treated by our immune system as a foreign body. An allergic response is simply an unregulated and overactive immune system.

It is interesting to note that a complete suppression of the immune system can actually prevent hair loss, but at the expense of the body’s ability to fight disease. An immunological attack to the hair follicle is from the inflammation of the blood vessels that feed the hair follicle. The actual reason for this isn’t completely understood, however it is known that controlling superoxide can help stop this inflammation.

When a follicle bulb atrophies, in large part it is due from the attack of superoxide. This is what causes follicle miniaturization and ultimately the loss of hair. Too much superoxide can limit the body’s supply of nitric oxide, which is vital for blood flow through the capillaries that feed hair follicles.

Eating a regular diet of cooked, processed food and little to none of raw, whole, unrefined foods contribute to excess occupation of the superoxide free radical. Too much superoxide is destined to increase inflammation, specifically your capillaries that supply hair follicles with nutrients.

Certain types of prostaglandins (called series 2) are responsible for the cause of inflammations, often resulting in body aches, pains and increased hair loss. Researchers have found that bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme from pineapple, reduces inflammation by interfering with the synthesis of series 2 prostaglandins and other inflammatory substances. Taking a complex of glucosamine sulfate, MSM, and bromelain which all are anti-inflammatory substances can naturally aid your joints, not to mention your hair too.

Whole, unprocessed foods normally contain the anti-oxidants needed to control the superoxide that helps aggravate inflammation in the scalp. Superoxide can be broken down by the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD); a powerful anti-oxidant manufactured by the body and obtained from whole food sources. Abundant amounts of SOD are found in cereal grasses, such as the young leaves of organic wheat grass and barley green.

The process of aging minimizes the body’s ability to withstand the damage from superoxide. This is because enzymes like superoxide dismutase are not as prevalent in our bodies as we get older.

It has been thought that superoxide could be broken down by taking supplements of the SOD enzyme, however it’s been purported that unless manufactured within the body through diet, SOD does not survive stomach acids during digestion. However, SOD supplements are now available enteric coated—that is, coated with a protective substance that allows the pill to pass intact through the stomach acid into the small intestines to be absorbed. Otherwise for the SOD enzyme to be effective, it must come from super green foods like wheat grass or barley greens (in liquid or supplement form.) Also, organic forms of the minerals, zinc and copper can help fortify the body with SOD from within.

A substance called human growth hormone has shown some promise to help reverse follicle miniaturization (due to inflammatory type allergic response). A natural way to obtain human growth hormone (HGH) is from a substance called colostrum. Colostrum, derived from bovine origin (mother cows) is available in supplement form.

Colostrum is quite an extraordinary substance. It contains nutrients, enzymes, proteins, immunoglobulin (immune system protectant), and certain powerful growth stimulators such as the insulin-like growth factors (IGF). IGF peptides are closely related to the hormone somatotrophin, better known as human growth hormone, which is one of the most intriguing anti-aging substances.

Human growth hormone can stimulate hair growth on newly balding areas. Bovine colostrum contains a higher concentration of IGF-1 than human colostrum, and its structure is virtually identical. The amino acid L-Arginine has also been shown to stimulate HGH, however bovine colostrum delivers it more directly.

Colostrum, is produced when a mother animal gives birth to its offspring, its mammary glands filter out of the blood the immune factors it has acquired through a lifetime of fighting disease-causing organisms. It then concentrates these factors into a special non-milk immune supporting fluid called colostrum. A mother animal produces true colostrum for only the first twenty-four hours after giving birth.

Aside from growth hormone, colostrum contains significant amounts of interlukin-10 (a strong inflammation inhibitory agent). Another substance called TgF-B, has an important suppressive effect on cytotoxic substances (toxins in cells), this also has a powerful anti-inflammatory function. Bovine colostrum has yet another anti-inflammatory substance PRP, which has the same ability to regulate activity of the immune system as hormones of the thymus gland. It activates an underactive immune system, helping it move into action against disease-causing organisms. Most importantly for hair, PRP also suppresses an overactive immune system.

The combination of a strong anti-inflammatory effect coupled with a suppression of allergic response of inflamed tissue and cells is a very potent treatment for hair loss.

As with the substance PRP, the immunoglobulins that colostrum contains may also be responsible for regulating allergic response.

Colostrum has only been available in supplement form since 1997. The make up of colostrum increases the uptake of amino acids into cells, quite vital for hair growth. It is the Insulin growth factor (IGF) in colostrum that increases transport of amino acids into cells. Human IGF-1 (hGH) and bovine IGF-1 differ by only three amino acids in the sixty-seven-amino acids chain that makes up the IGF-1 molecule. Because of this similarity, bovine IGF-1 is just as potent as the human form and most likely quite a bit safer than a synthesized hGH.

Reference:

Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients – April 1999 (Colostrum & IGF)

Dr. Olle Hemell, At the University of Ulmea, Sweden; Science (Interlukin-10, a strong inflammatory agent)

Drs. Staroscik, et. al.; Molecular Immunology (PRP, anti-inflammatory and T-cell precursors)

Drs. Tokuyama and Tokuyama; Cancer Research Inst. Kanazawa Univ. Japan (TgF-B & suppressive effect on cytotoxic substances)

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

Chapter 7

It has been believed by some, that hair loss is partially attributed to clogged pores in the scalp. There isn’t much evidence to support this claim, however keeping the pores clean doesn’t hurt. A handful of companies in the 1980s marketed these scalp cleansers, which were purported to unclog pores in the scalp and slow down male pattern baldness.

Some scalp cleansers like the Helsinki Formula contain polysorbates, which act as emulsifiers. Three types of polysorbate are used (20, 60, and 80). Polysorbates are typically found in food products for the purpose of bringing insoluble substances, like fat into contact with water.

The actions of rubbing scalp cleansers into the scalp that contain polysorbates do actually help somewhat. They work, not so much by unclogging pores, but by way of dissolving dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from the scalp. Unfortunately, the majority of DHT lies beneath the scalp. This may prove only mildly effective for people who have greater, abundant, strains of DHT-resistant follicles.

As for the practice of scalp cleansing itself, there is a small minority of people who can benefit by this. Some people produce excess sebum, which is oil in the scalp secreted by the sebaceous glands. An overproduction of this can definitely clog pores and actually prevent normal hair growth. Sebum itself contains dihydrotestosterone, which can be re-absorbed into the bloodstream through the scalp. Too much sebum can harden around the pore to form a barrier of crust. For these individuals, using a polysorbate type scalp cleanser product is recommended. Polysorbate 20 and 80 is usually available in health food stores.

Dandruff and the use of various hair products can combine with the excess sebum and exacerbate the clogging even further.

One might ask what benefit if at all is experienced with scalp messaging? The stimulus of blood flow does help for circulation, but who has time to scratch their head all day? Any boost in blood circulation through means of massage is good, however there are nutritional ways to achieve the same effect.

If the idea of scalp massage appeals, rubbing hemp seed oil is probably the best lubricant to use for this. There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that doing so would be quite effective for hair loss. Hemp seed oil contains gamma-linolenic acid as well as alpha linolenic acid. These unsaturated fatty acids are potent 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Also, essential fatty acids such as these have a high permeability in that they penetrate through skin layers for absorption.

An alternative to hemp seed oil would be to rub Evening Primrose oil into the scalp. Evening Primrose contains a high percentage of gamma-linolenic acid. Sometimes this can be found in combination with flaxseed oil. Being that flaxseeds are loaded with alpha-linolenic acid, such a combination would be an ideal substitute to hemp seed oil, as it can sometimes be hard to find in local health food stores.

How about a natural alternative to the drug Rogaine? I came up with the following remedy myself, and I must say that it works quite well for stimulating scalp circulation.

On occasion, I use a simple concoction of apple-cider-vinegar and cayenne pepper (capsicum) kneaded into my scalp. The apple-cider-vinegar acts as a solution, the cayenne pepper as a stimulant and ruberfacient (increases blood flow to the surface of the skin).

This potent combination is much like a milder version of pepper spray. It immediately dilates the capillaries, and dramatically increases blood circulation. In addition, the cayenne pepper dissolves the accumulated build up of sebum wax on the scalp. Refer to Chapter 10 (Regimen & Dosages) for instructions on how to prepare it.

_______________________________________________________________

Reference:

Title: Androgen action: molecular mechanism and medical application.

Author: Liao S.

Journal: Formos Medical Association: 1994 Sep; 93 (9): 741-51

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

Chapter 9

The best way to maintain hair may turn out to be the most obvious. Nourish it with the nutrients from which it is created, then let your body work its magic.

Hair has an extremely active cell system. The cells in the hair bulb are second only to bone marrow in the frequency at which they generate themselves. Hair is actually keratinized (hardened) protein. This protein is formed, or synthesized, from amino acids in the hair bulb. Thus, a shortage of amino acids will directly affect hair growth and characteristics by reducing the amount of quality of protein used to make hair.

Malnutrition affects hair as well. It has long been known that protein malnutrition has deleterious effects on hair, reducing levels of crucial amino acids in the hair, causing atrophy of the bulb and loss of the inner root sheaths.

Amino acids are what the cell uses to make protein. It has been found that amino acid balances were off in individuals with poor hair. The body can manufacture all but nine of the amino acids. These nine amino acids are considered essential to health and must be obtained from outside sources, like food or supplements.

Without amino acids, cells cannot maintain or repair themselves, nor will certain crucial enzymes and hormones be manufactured. Without sufficient amino acids, human hair color and texture can change dramatically in response to protein malnutrition. Protein deficiency, even short-term, results in dramatic changes in the hair roots. These changes include a reduction in hair diameter, slowed growth, and increased breakage under stress and strain, like brushing.

The two most important amino acids for the health of your hair are L-Cysteine and

L-Methionine. These two amino acids improve quality, texture, and growth of hair. Cysteine is present in alpha-keratin, the chief protein in hair. Methionine helps prevent brittle hair. The synthesis of the amino acid cysteine may be dependent on the availability of methionine. Lecithin is a good source of methionine as well as inositol.

The best single supplement to feed your hair’s amino acid requirements is methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). This is a superior form of sulfur, which plays a major role in the structural maintenance of the scalp capillaries. MSM contains both amino acids cysteine and methionine, and has a host of benefits besides assisting hair growth. Methylsulfonylmethane is a chemical already existing within your body. It’s a derivative of another natural substance known as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide); a chemical made from trees that has been used to fight the pain of arthritis. DMSO is used worldwide for many physical maladies, unfortunately it possesses a disturbing odor. MSM does not have this smell.

Methylsulfonylmethane will help your hair grow about as fast as it is able to. MSM is preferable to all other sulfur containing nutrients, as it provides an impressive list of benefits, which include decreased inflammation, boosting of the blood supply, lessened muscle spasms, and a desensitizing of pain signals. Its anti-inflammatory properties along with its sulfur yield make this a "must have" supplement for healthy hair.

Another essential amino acid for proper hair growth is L-Arginine. It is the metabolic precursor for nitric oxide, which is a messenger substance that stimulates hair growth by opening potassium channels. Arginine in large doses (3g-12g) is said to help the release of growth hormone, which may help in hair loss (along with anti-aging and body development). To increase nitric oxide and growth hormone levels take 1.5 mg in morning and evening for this), it also enhances sexual performance.

Another way to increase the body’s supply of nitric oxide is from a very special type of copper. Not the inorganic, oxide mineral, but in the form of a cream, specifically a skin cream that contains copper peptides. Supplements containing more than 2mg RDA for copper should not be taken, and applying the inorganic mineral to the skin directly could promote free-radical formation. When copper is converted to organic form by binding to peptides (small fragments of proteins) it can be safely applied to the skin. Such copper peptides have been shown to promote collagen synthesis and thereby stimulate hair growth, as well as skin healing.

A type of substance called prezatide copper peptide, marketed under names like lamin hydrating gel and Tricomin, is a type of triamino or polypeptide of copper (the binding of three amino acids to metal). This is a blue copper cream or gel that is applied to the skin. What this copper peptide cream does is reactivate dormant hair follicles by way of absorption of organic copper through the skin.

A protein in the blood, known as ceruloplasmin binds over 80% of the body’s naturally occurring copper in the plasma, transporting copper into the cells. There it is incorporated into enzymes such as lysyl oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Without getting into too much detail, this helps provide vascularity to the capillaries and significantly helps blood flow through them. In addition, this is vital for collagen synthesis, which is critical to the health of your hair.

Copper-peptides and the amino acid arginine are considered blood vessel dilating hair-growth stimulators. These are called nitrovasodialiators, which mimic the natural messenger substance, nitric oxide mediating both dilation and hair growth. Nitric oxide is found everywhere in the body as a means of transport, which has identical effects to minoxidil on blood vessels.

The health of the hair, nails and skin is an indication of the over-all health of the entire body. When the skins has eruptions, rashes, and allergic reactions, it means the inner skin or mucous membranes also have eruptions. Lack of essential minerals is also a cause of hair loss and unhealthy skin. To establish a healthy blood supply to follicles, the mineral silica has been shown to support the structure of blood vessel walls that supply nutrients to follicle hair roots.

Recent studies show that applying the mineral silica, combined with what’s called "activated oxygen" to your scalp may be able to encourage scalp blood flow. The frequent result, hair growth.

A treatment called, oxygenated glycerol triester complex, a solution of plant extracts fused to pure oxygen enhances circulation to overcome the hormonal blocks that would otherwise starve hair follicles. This actually is accomplished, without altering the body’s mechanisms for construction and distribution of hormones. This is an optional treatment, for those who want to halt thinning hair as quickly as possible.

A study of 72 balding men, conducted at the Hospital of St. Louis in Paris, France compared the benefits of using the drug minoxidil to restore hair versus applying oxygenated plant extracts plus organic silicon and amino acids. The result of the study showed increased diameters of the hair shafts and improved the number of growing hairs as much as the minoxidil. In addition, an increase of blood flow to the hair follicles was observed. Optimal results were experienced within three months of use.

Zinc is one mineral that should be considered essential. For instance, zinc inhibits the biological activity of 5-alpha-reductase; the enzyme that produces elevated levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which will help shrink your prostate and your hair follicles.

Zinc also takes part in antioxidant reactions that limit free radical cellular damage. Zinc helps to combat superoxide, a free radical that oxidizes NO2 (nitric oxide). The substance that makes your blood flow for better circulation. Superoxide is the principal precursor of many other free radicals. Zinc; along with copper help with the destruction of superoxide.

Since a dynamic bloody supply is necessary for keeping hair follicles productive, the B-Vitamins, including niacin, thiamine and biotin, can enhance hair health by improving factors that promote circulation of blood to the skin of the scalp.

Try to limit your intake of raw eggs, as they are high in avidin, a protein that binds biotin and prevents it from being absorbed.

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) help improve hair texture and prevent dry, brittle hair. Omega-3 is the most important, which is most deficient in the "standard" diet. Sources include cold water fish, flaxseed and hemp seed oil. Gamma Linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid found in unrefined evening primrose oil, hemp seed and black current oils are very beneficial as well.

Reference:

Young, V. (1990). "Amino acids and proteins in relation to the nutrition of elderly people." Age & Aging [sic] 19:S10-24.

Reports from Dr. Loren Pickart. Inventor and patent holder of a FDA-approved wound-healing drug called Lamin and Tricomin.

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

Chapter 10

Reversing hair loss doesn’t happen overnight, but the rewards for waiting can be everlasting. Following the regimen closely to your needs, results can vary depending upon your hair loss condition and cause. In most cases hair loss can be stopped in about three months. Restoring lost hair can take a little longer from three to eight month’s time.

Plenty of complex processes need to occur to allow hair to become healthier. If the problem is DHT-related, your body then needs to break down that androgen by-product and begin to let hair grow freely. Balding from dihydrotestosterone often begins with the frontal hairline and works its way towards the back. At least 90-days needs to pass for the process of renewal to begin.

A vertex type of balding (on the crown of the head) can often take a great deal of time to reverse. This type of balding is often due to clogged capillaries. This starves your hair follicles and is often a sign of future cardiovascular type diseases. The most effective way to channel the proper nutrients to the follicles under these conditions is through dermal (skin) absorption through the scalp. Nutrients like organic silicon, L-Cysteine, L-Methionine, and B-complex vitamins can be fed to the scalp using a liquid serum or transdermal solution. See below for more information about this type of product.

When arterial walls and capillaries are cleared of obstructions, and those pathways have been properly dilated to allow free flow of hair nutrients, then a serum or transdermal product is no longer needed. If the crown balding is very mild, substances like L-Arginine, Gingko Biloba, and Fo-ti root can act as vasodilators to help open up those clogged pathways.

Most of us who suffer from hair loss have some kind of androgen component related to its cause. Regardless of the type of hair loss you have, including some kind of anti-androgen in your hair loss regimen is absolutely vital for preserving your hair.

The anti-androgen can be in the form of saw palmetto (seronoa repens), pygeum (pygeum africanum), progesterone cream, GLA (gamma-linolenic-acid) or ALA (alpha-linolenic-acid) source.

For males, saw palmetto and/or a saw palmetto and pygeum combination is recommended. I encourage women to take this is as well, although in mild cases it isn’t entirely necessary.

If you’re a female experiencing hair loss, I recommend the use of a progesterone cream. Natural soy or Mexican yam derived progesterone come in gels and creams. They prevent estrogen-induced overgrowth of the uterine lining as well as common menstrual and menopausal complaints. The idea here is hormonal balance. Progesterone can help prevent the conversion of testosterone to DHT, and keep estrogen in check at the same time. In addition, a soy or phytoestrogen component only helps, especially for menopausal women. Natural phytoestrogens help your body break down the excessive estrogens it may already have, encouraging proper balance. An imbalance or excessive build-up of xenoestrogens can convert to testosterone, and therefore be converted to DHT. Soy isoflavones and/or phytoestrogen sources can help the body rid the "bad" estrogens it doesn’t need.

Like a good anti-androgen, we all could use a boost with maximizing the length of our hair growth cycles. That’s where Fo-ti root (polygonum multiflorum) comes into play, and as an added benefit we can preserve much of our natural hair color as we age.

Nutritive wise, it doesn’t hurt to be taking a sulfur-rich amino acid complex containing cysteine and methionine for the structural maintenance of scalp capillaries. The supplement of choice to accomplish this is MSM (methylsulfonylmethane). A good adjunct to this would be a good hair, skin and nails formula. These dietary supplement formulas can be found just about anywhere, and will take out all the guesswork with your hair’s vitamin and mineral needs.

While not completely apparent, some of us may have an immunological follicle condition or irritation of the scalp (inflammation). This condition is akin to organ transplant rejection, whereby the immune system treats the hair follicle as if it were a foreign invader. Instead of suppressing the immune system as anti-tissue rejection drugs do, a strengthening of the immune is more pragmatic. Simply put, a strong immune system can increase tissue recognition and therefore help prevent the body’s attack upon its own tissues, namely hair follicles.

One way to strengthen the immune system is to introduce an anti-inflammatory agent. When we get allergies it is from our immune system overreacting. If this "allergy" occurs in the scalp and hair follicles, this can help destroy the body’s own hair cells. Bovine colostrum contains several potent anti-inflammatory substances that mediate allergic response. The anti-inflammatory substances, interlukin 10, PRP, TgF-B, and immunoglobulins in colostrum all help promote a healthy and balanced equilibrium of the immune system.

Bovine colostrum has been shown to grow back hair in newly balding areas. This is very likely from the combination of anti-inflammatory substances in colostrum, as well as very absorbable amino acids and nutrients. Highly recommended for both men and women.

Essential fatty acids are an important addition if you want to maximize results. In my opinion, EFAs are leading deficient nutrient in western civilization today. If not for the health of your hair, take EFAs for your health. In the last nine chapters, you may have realized how integral your overall health is to your hair. Many health problems have indirect influences on whether your hair will grow or continue to grow. Fortunately supplementation is a convenient answer if we find ourselves unable to perfect our diets.

Essential fatty acids are found in cold water fish, flaxseed, hemp, evening primrose, borage oils and many seeds. These are essential for the body’s production of prostaglandins, biochemicals that regulate hormone synthesis and numerous physiological responses (i.e. hormonal balance). Any type of hormonal disharmony significantly increases the odds that your body’s levels of dihydrotestosterone and/or estrogens are too high.

If you are balding on the vertex area (crown of the head), I recommend the purchase of an oxygenated serum formula, containing organic silicon, amino acids, and plant extracts. Found in health food stores, a brand called Folliderm by Nature’s Plus is such a type of oxygenated serum formula. It is a dermal solution that is applied to the scalp that quickly absorbs through the skin. If the hair roots are starved due to poor blood circulation, this is an ideal way for your hair to get the nourishment it needs. This formula is an excellent combination of ingredients, and serves as a good adjunct to your primary regimen. The only product that I am aware of that fits this description is the aforementioned brand, called Folliderm by Nature’s Plus.

To encourage blood flow through the capillaries, the amino acid L-Arginine and the herb, Ginkgo Biloba can be taken to stimulate hair growth by increasing the body’s production of nitric oxide.

Last but not least, dealing with the destructive nature of superoxide can foster improvement in the health of hair follicles and growth. The use of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that breaks down the superoxide free radical, can protect your hair cells from immunological damage. Superoxide is the main threat to your body’s nitric oxide levels, so controlling your body’s superoxide levels can help maintain healthy levels of nitric oxide from within.

*Optional

Take 500 Milligrams per day, either in the form of 250 tablets/capsules twice a day or 150 to 175 Milligram tablet/capsules three times per day. This is mandatory--if you take nothing else, take this!

Saw Palmetto (seronoa repens) *

Saw palmetto is available in either standardized extract or the whole herb. Either one will work fine, although personally I use the whole herb. It is important to take this morning and night, as you do not want to allow DHT any chance to form in your body. If you use the whole herb, take three in the morning and three at night before retiring to bed. The extract form is always more expensive and does not come in economical quantities. If you can find an economical size of 240 or 360 capsule counts (whole herb) you can save yourself some money. Typically concentrated extracts come in 30 to 60 capsule counts; they are more potent per capsule, but still not as kind to your wallet.

Saw Palmetto & Pygeum Combination *

It is preferable to use saw palmetto along with pygeum, other than pygeum alone. Saw Palmetto used alone is adequate in itself, although it doesn’t hurt to be taking pygeum along with it. Pygeum and saw palmetto combinations are easily found in health food stores, but not usually elsewhere. Again, using pygeum along with saw palmetto is optional and it will increase the cost of supplementation. If you’re going to take pygeum by itself, use a brand of pygeum that contains a lipophilic extract standardized to 13% total sterols (typically calculated as beta-sitosterol). The recommended dose is 50-100 mg two times per day.

Fo-ti (root), also called Ho-Shou-Wu *

Fo-ti root is always found in whole form (non-extract) only and is quite inexpensive. Take three capsules morning and night along with your anti-androgen of choice.

Progesterone Cream

Make certain that you buy a recommended brand from your local health food store. Pharmacology preparations are not recommended. Some brands may not work, and others may work better for different users. One brand that I personally recommend is from Source Naturals, called Natural Progesterone cream, which is mostly derived from soybeans as the source of USP Progesterone cream. If you are a women, apply about a ½ teaspoon of the cream to soft areas of the skin, which should supply 20 mg of progesterone. Apply this morning and evening. Progesterone cream is not be used everyday, as it's very important to use as a cycle basis. Consult your doctor for proper usage. If you are a male, apply just an 1/8^th of a teaspoon on the testes. Use for 19 to 20 days, then take a week break, then continue use, repeat the cycle.

Phytoestrogens, Soy (Soy Isoflavones) or Plant Estrogens *

Phytoestrogens are found in soy supplement preparations (soy isoflavones), phytoestrogen formulas, and natural hormone replacement therapy formulas.

These products have been quite popular in the last few years, and are widely available in supermarkets, drug and health food stores. Use products as directed on label.

MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) *

MSM is found just about everywhere. Its growing popularity for joint flexibility and arthritis relief has stirred demand; it’s available at supermarkets, drug and health food stores. Take one gram (1000 mgs) in the morning and evening. If available, use a formula that also contains Glucosamine sulfate and bromelain.

Bovine Colostrum *

This "first milk" from a mother cow is a very potent powerhouse of pro-immunity substances. This ability to regulate immune system response, while providing a host of nutrients in perfect combinations is excellent for hair health and re-growth. Taking bovine colostrum is vital for immunological hair loss conditions. Colostrum boosts levels of human growth hormone, which has been shown to reverse graying hair and stimulate follicle growth.

Make sure to avoid brands that offer colostrum in "convenient forms," like chocolate, wafers, or lozenges. Take two or more grams (1000 mg per gram) per day, preferably one gram in the morning and one at night.

GHR-15 (Growth Hormone Releaser) *

Will allow your pituitary gland to secrete healthy amounts of human growth hormone. GHR-15 contains a blend of specific amounts of amino acids, phytosterol, hypothalamus and soy phosphatides. See Bovine Colostrum for more information on human growth hormone.

Use as directed on label.

Essential Fatty Acids (Omega-3 & Omega-6) *

Flaxseed oil is the best way to begin supplementing your diet with EFAs. However, Flaxseed oil contains an improper ratio of omega-3 and omega-6, about four times the omega-3 than the omega-6. The proper ratio for human health is 3:1 omega-6 to omega-3 intake. That isn’t a problem however as body tissues are normally so deprived of omega-3 type fatty acids that flaxseed oil will bridge the deficiency gap rather well. About after a year, it is recommended to switch to a more balanced supplement, using the proper ratio of 3:1 (triple the Omega-6 to Omega-3). Hemp seed oil contains that perfect ratio and is available for purchase via mail order or at a health food store. Following a year of flaxseed oil intake, hemp seed oil should be used thereafter. If Hemp seed oil is not available, look for a brand or product that contains a blended or balanced oil formula.

Flaxseed oil comes in a refrigerated, opaque container to protect it from light and heat. I recommend at least two tablespoons consumption a day. If you take more than that, you may experience some weight loss (increases metabolic rate), if overweight. Essential fatty acids are not stored as fat, but used as energy, repair, and body function. If you prefer a supplement, you can purchase flaxseed or hemp seed oil capsules.

Oxygenated Serum (dermal amino acid and plant sterol complex) *

One such brand name product is Folliderm by Nature’s Plus. Use as directed.

Apple-Cider-Vinegar & Cayenne (capsicum) *

This simple mixture of apple-cider-vinegar and cayenne pepper is a topical circulation aid that you can prepare yourself. You may add ginger (from ginger capsules for additional comfort and effect). Apply this mixture directly to your scalp. The apple-cider-vinegar acts as a solution, the cayenne pepper as a stimulant and ruberfacient (increases blood flow to the surface of the skin). Be very careful too not to let this get into your eyes. As I mentioned in chapter 6, (Polysorbates & Scalp Cleansers), this combination is much like a milder version of pepper spray. It will dilate your capillaries to a blood red. Your scalp will feel a tingling sensation (if ginger is used) or like a mild sunburn if the ginger is not added. Leave this astringent mixture on for five minutes or more rinse off after use. If you feel that your scalp has poor circulation, you may use this as often as you like, although I think of it primarily as a good way to jump-start the process of renewal.

Mix one 12-ounce bottle of apple-cider-vinegar with three tablespoons of cayenne pepper (capsicum). If using other than condiment style cayenne pepper, like the capsules, then beware of the heat units contained. Cayenne supplements are offered in 40,000 to 200,000 heat units. Use the same three tablespoons worth if the cayenne capsules read 40,000 heat units on the label. If using 100,000 heat units capsicum, then reduce the amount of cayenne to the mixture by one half. If using 200,000 heat units, reduce the amount by a quarter. The amount of ginger to add (optional) can be from one tablespoon or more of ginger powder. Ginger will add to the tingling sensation and help reduce the heat from the capsicum while aiding circulation.

L-Arginine (amino acid supplement) *

Recommended dosage is taking one and a half grams in the morning and at night. Taking over three grams will encourage growth hormone production. The nitric oxide that this amino acid helps your body produce will allow for better blood flow and circulation (for improved uptake of nutrients into scalp capillaries).

Gingko Biloba *

Like the amino acid L-Arginine, the herb Gingko Biloba will help improve circulation and your body’s production of nitric oxide from within. Use as directed on label.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) *

This is the natural way to stop chronic inflammation of the hair follicle. SOD helps with the breakdown of the superoxide free radical, which affects your copper stores (needed to make collagen-elastin, vital for healthy hair) and help maintain healthy nitric oxide levels. Superoxide can be expensive using the correct dosages. To normalize levels of superoxide in your body, the dosage is 30,000 I.U. (International Units) roughly equivalent of 3 Million SOD’s. The best way to acquire these levels is by way of a transdermal cream. This is not widely available in stores as of this writing, therefore a search will have to be conducted to find one via the internet. An alternative to an S.O.D. cream that can be found locally is by using a brand of S.O.D. capsules called Cell Guard by Bio-Tech (an anti-oxidant formula with wheat grass and barley green). If you use a non-green food based SOD supplement, make sure you buy a product that is either buffered or enteric coated, otherwise it may be destroyed before it reaches your small intestine. Whole food formulations, like Bio-Tech’s Cell Guard anti-oxidant formula do not require the SOD to be enteric-coated. Extracted versions of SOD are listed in international units (I.U.) these must be enteric-coated.

Copyright © 2000 Brian Simonis

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